Involvement International Journal of Business
Involvement International Journal of Business registered with ISSN (online) : 3032-485X is peer-reviewed journal a quarterly publication that stands as a distinguished platform for the dissemination of leading-edge research in the expansive realm of business studies. Emphasizing a comprehensive scope covering finance, marketing, management, entrepreneurship, economics, and international business, the journal is committed to fostering scholarly excellence. With an unwavering dedication to originality, all submissions undergo a meticulous peer-review process, ensuring the highest academic standards. The journal's international focus encourages contributions from scholars and practitioners worldwide, promoting a global exchange of ideas and best practices. Beyond theoretical insights, the journal values research with practical implications, striving to bridge the gap between academia and the business community. Accessible language and a commitment to a quarterly publishing schedule underscore the journal's mission to serve as an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, and professionals engaged in the dynamic field of business and management. ISSN (online): 3032-484X DOI : 10.62569/iijb Frequency: 4 issues per year (January, April, July, October) Publisher: PT Agung Media Publisher - Number : AHU-002955.AH.01.30.Year 2024
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Do Minimum Wages Reduce Poverty? A Case Study of Palangkaraya City
This study examines the impact of the regional minimum wage on poverty levels in Palangkaraya City from 2010 to 2024. The goal is to determine whether an increase in the minimum wage reduces poverty in the region. A simple linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of the regional minimum wage (independent variable) on poverty (dependent variable). Secondary data on the regional minimum wage and poverty rates were sourced from the Palangkaraya City Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests, were conducted to validate the regression model. The regression analysis found a significant negative relationship between the regional minimum wage and poverty in Palangkaraya City (coefficient = -6.080E-7, t = -5.561, p < 0.05). The normality and multicollinearity tests met the required assumptions, while heteroscedasticity was detected in the model. The study confirms that an increase in the regional minimum wage can significantly reduce poverty in Palangkaraya City. However, the presence of heteroscedasticity suggests that further model refinement is needed. Future research should focus on improving model accuracy and expanding the scope to include other factors influencing poverty.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rima Harati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Predictive Analysis of Investment Trends in Indian Small-Scale Industries: An ARIMA Model Approach
Small-scale industries play a crucial role in India’s economic development by generating employment, increasing productivity, and contributing significantly to GDP. However, predicting investment trends in this sector remains challenging due to fluctuating economic conditions and policy shifts. This study analyzes the behavior and predictability of small-scale industrial investment in India using the ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) model. It focuses on assessing the statistical properties of the investment variable namely normality, stationarity, and transformation as the basis for accurate forecasting. A quantitative time series approach was applied using secondary data. The Jarque–Bera test assessed normality, while the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) tests examined stationarity and structure. The Jarque–Bera statistic of 4.2314 (p = 0.1205) confirmed that the data is normally distributed. However, the ADF test (p = 0.9992) failed to reject the null hypothesis, indicating non-stationarity. Time series plots showed an exponential upward trend, reflecting steady growth in small-scale investments. To stabilize variance and linearize this trend, a natural logarithmic transformation was applied, producing more consistent and interpretable data for ARIMA forecasting. The findings reveal that while the data meets econometric assumptions, its non-stationarity highlights the dynamic, policy-sensitive nature of India’s small-scale industrial sector. The exponential growth aligns with industrial expansion and supportive government initiatives for MSMEs. The study concludes that despite normal distribution, the variable’s non-stationarity requires transformation for reliable analysis. Future research should employ multivariate and machine learning models to capture external influences and enhance prediction accuracy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gopika Balan, Samiyaiyah Nehru (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modernizing Finance through Digital Innovation in LIC and PNB Housing Finance
Digital transformation has significantly reshaped the financial services sector in India, compelling traditional institutions like the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and PNB Housing Finance to adopt customer-centric innovations. This study examines how both organizations integrate digital tools and strategies to improve efficiency, customer engagement, and overall performance. The research employed a qualitative descriptive design, analyzing secondary data from reports, company releases, and scholarly studies between 2020 and 2025. Comparative evidence was reviewed to identify technological adoptions, customer outcomes, and operational impacts. Key indicators such as policy growth, loan disbursement rates, and customer service efficiency were highlighted. Findings reveal that LIC achieved notable progress with the ANANDA app, issuing 1.15 million policies by 2024 with 42.84% YoY growth, and enhanced customer service using AI-powered chatbots, reducing complaint resolution times by 30%. The NextGen Digital Platform and Project DIVE further advanced personalization and omnichannel engagement. PNB Housing Finance demonstrated a 27% annual increase in loan approvals through AI-driven underwriting, launched a fully digital loan application system, and redesigned its customer segmentation strategy, resulting in a 68.4% rise in affordable housing disbursements. The findings indicate that while LIC focuses on modernization and institutional resilience, PNB emphasizes rapid lending growth and inclusivity. Both align with broader digital adoption trends in India’s financial sector. However, challenges remain in risk governance, technological dependency, and inclusion of underserved populations.
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
Copyright (c) 2025 Jitta Sesha Sai Sree (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Corporate Pathways to Sustainability through Resource Management in Indian Enterprises
India’s private sector plays a pivotal role in achieving national and global sustainability goals amid rapid economic growth and environmental challenges. This study employed a qualitative-comparative approach by analyzing sustainability practices of five leading conglomerates namely Tata Group, Aditya Birla Group, Reliance Industries, Adani Group, and ITC using company reports, secondary data, and sectoral benchmarks. Three thematic areas were examined: (1) water and energy management, (2) material management and circular economy, and (3) corporate sustainability goals. The findings show measurable progress in resource efficiency: Tata Steel reduced water consumption by 24.5% (2012–2023), Tata Motors cut energy use per vehicle by 16.2% (2012–2023), and UltraTech Cement substituted 21% of virgin raw materials with industrial waste (target 50% by 2030). Renewable adoption reached 27.8% in Tata Group’s energy mix, while Reliance developed a 20 GW renewable portfolio. Strategic goals vary, with Adani committing to net-zero by 2029, Tata Group by 2045, and Reliance by 2070, reflecting different levels of ambition and feasibility. Indian conglomerates demonstrate alignment with international climate agendas through renewable investment, carbon reduction, and circular economy models. However, uneven disclosure, fragmented regulatory frameworks, and technological uncertainties remain challenges. Corporate sustainability in India has shifted from peripheral CSR activities to central business strategies, with resource management and net-zero commitments shaping competitiveness and resilience. Limitations include reliance on secondary data; future research should expand to primary fieldwork and cross-country comparisons to deepen insights into corporate sustainability pathways.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rayaprolu Viswaprasad, K. Sunitha, S. Dhanya Sri, Neeraja. S. Parvataneni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparative Performance of Large-Cap and Mid-Cap Mutual Funds Across Market Cycles in India
Mutual funds play a vital role in balancing returns and risks for investors, particularly across different market phases. This study investigates the comparative performance of the Motilal Oswal Mid Cap Fund and the HDFC Large Cap Fund during bull, bear, and recovery markets from 2014 to 2024. A quantitative approach was employed using performance metrics such as returns, volatility, Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, alpha, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Benchmark indices (Nifty Midcap 150 and Nifty 100) were used for comparison. Findings revealed that during the bull phase (2014–2017), the mid-cap fund achieved returns of 0.570, though below its benchmark of 0.682, while the large-cap fund outperformed its benchmark (0.367 vs. 0.322). In the bear phase (2018–2020), both funds showed negative Sharpe ratios and alphas, with the large-cap fund exhibiting greater downside protection. In the recovery phase (2021–2024), the mid-cap fund delivered a CAGR of 36.59%, surpassing its benchmark (22.35%), while the large-cap fund maintained steady growth (17.79% vs. 11.61%). The results confirmed the trade-off between returns and volatility, consistent with modern portfolio theory. Mid-cap funds demonstrated higher growth potential during recoveries but carried higher risks, while large-cap funds offered stability and better risk-adjusted returns across cycles. These insights are consistent with previous research on investor risk preferences and market resilience. While the study provides valuable insights into fund performance across market phases, its scope is limited to two funds and a single domestic market. Future studies should include broader samples, cross-market analyses, and qualitative dimensions of fund management to strengthen understanding of fund resilience and growth dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 B.S. Deepa, Mohd Jameel, Mohammed Furquan, Tousheeba Toufeeq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Navigating Inflationary Stress Through Adaptive Investment Strategies
Inflation is a central determinant of stock market behavior, yet its effects vary across economies and periods. While moderate inflation may sustain growth, high inflation combined with systemic shocks can destabilize markets and erode investor confidence. This study adopted a comparative analysis of historical data from the United States and India between 2001 and 2023, focusing on inflation trends, stock market indices (S&P 500 and NIFTY), and policy responses. The analysis combined quantitative market data with qualitative assessments of policy interventions and sectoral performance. Findings reveal that moderate inflation of 2–4% supported consistent S&P 500 growth from 2010 to 2019, whereas extreme inflation, 12.7% in India (2013) and 9.1% in the US (2022) led to market volatility and portfolio reallocation. Severe contractions were observed during crises, including a -51.79% decline in India’s NIFTY (2009) and a -38.49% fall in the US S&P 500 (2008). Defensive sectors such as utilities and consumer staples provided stability, while technology and growth sectors were highly vulnerable. Policy responses strongly influenced market outcomes. Gradual interventions, such as US interest rate hikes in 2022–2023, moderated risks, while abrupt reforms like India’s GST in 2017 intensified instability. Diversification, macroeconomic monitoring, AI-driven predictive analytics, and ESG integration emerged as key strategies to mitigate inflationary stress. The results highlight that inflation’s impact is context-dependent and amplified by crises, but adaptive strategies can strengthen resilience. Limitations stem from reliance on historical data, suggesting future research should explore AI forecasting and ESG frameworks across broader global markets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amulya Gudimella, Anikesh Dulgande, Anushtha Choudhary, Konduri Murari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Tax Compliance Integrating Tax Planning Risk Management and Revenue Enhancement Through Management Consulting
The increasing complexity of tax regulations, global economic integration, and heightened fiscal transparency have transformed tax planning and compliance into strategic business concerns. Management consultants are increasingly engaged to help organizations navigate these challenges, yet their role is often conceptualized narrowly as technical tax advisory. This study employs a qualitative, literature-based research design using an integrative and thematic review of peer-reviewed academic publications from 2015 to 2025. Relevant studies were systematically analyzed to identify patterns, themes, and theoretical linkages concerning the strategic role of management consultants in tax planning, compliance, and risk management. The findings indicate that management consultants have evolved into strategic partners who integrate tax planning and compliance within enterprise risk management and corporate governance frameworks. Consultant-led tax strategies contribute to proactive risk mitigation, revenue stability, regulatory compliance, and business sustainability. Consultants also play a critical role in navigating regulatory complexity and emerging tax challenges, including digital economy taxation and crisis-driven fiscal policies. The results align with strategic management, risk management, institutional, and stakeholder theories, highlighting management consultants as key actors in transforming tax management into a value-creating and legitimacy-enhancing function. This reconceptualization underscores the importance of integrating tax governance with broader organizational strategy and performance objectives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bhavika Jalan, Harshita Kadel, Syed Bilal Uddin, Abdul Baqi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Between Decentralization and Control: How Cryptocurrency is Redefining Global Financial Architecture
Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a disruptive force in global finance, challenging traditional banking systems through decentralization, transparency, and borderless transactions. Initially perceived as speculative assets, cryptocurrencies have increasingly gained institutional recognition, raising important questions regarding their financial role, regulatory governance, and long-term sustainability. This study adopts a qualitative-dominant mixed-method approach based on secondary data analysis. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, institutional reports, regulatory documents, and reputable market analyses published over the last decade. Thematic and descriptive analyses were employed to examine trends in cryptocurrency adoption, regulatory responses, technological innovation, and sustainability efforts. The findings indicate that cryptocurrencies have evolved into recognized financial assets, with growing institutional participation and expanding applications in cross-border payments and decentralized finance. However, significant challenges persist, including regulatory fragmentation, cybersecurity risks, market volatility, and environmental concerns related to energy-intensive mining. Regulatory milestones such as the European Union’s MiCA framework demonstrate progress toward legal harmonization, while technological innovations such as Layer 2 solutions, interoperability protocols, and Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanisms support scalability and sustainability. The discussion links these findings to Technology Acceptance and Innovation Diffusion theories, showing that institutional adoption is driven by perceived usefulness, regulatory legitimacy, and technological compatibility. Market Regulation and Institutional theories further explain divergent national regulatory approaches and increasing global coordination efforts. Sustainability considerations emerge as a critical determinant of long-term viability, shaping both technological development and policy intervention. Cryptocurrencies represent a transformative element of the global financial system, offering opportunities for efficiency, inclusion, and innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Dawood, Syed Saif Ullah Hussaini, Mohd Zain ul Abeddin, Bishal Hizli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconceptualizing Evidence-Based Business Decisions in the Era of Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence
Business organizations are increasingly required to move beyond intuition-based decision-making toward evidence-based approaches supported by data analytics. Advances in data analytics, machine learning, and predictive modeling have reshaped how firms interpret information, forecast trends, and respond to market dynamics. However, despite growing adoption, challenges related to data quality, organizational readiness, and ethical governance continue to limit the effective use of analytics in strategic decision-making. This study adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach using secondary data analysis and real-world case illustrations across multiple industries, including retail, healthcare, finance, logistics, and technology. Drawing on the Data-Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) framework and business intelligence theory, the paper synthesizes insights from academic literature, industry reports, and documented organizational practices to examine how data analytics supports evidence-based decisions and operational efficiency. The findings demonstrate that data analytics significantly enhances decision accuracy, operational efficiency, and strategic agility. Predictive analytics and machine learning enable organizations to anticipate market trends, personalize customer engagement, reduce operational risks, and optimize resource allocation. Empirical illustrations indicate notable improvements in efficiency, risk reduction, revenue growth, and customer satisfaction when analytics-driven approaches are systematically implemented. However, data quality issues, talent shortages, resistance to change, and data privacy concerns remain critical barriers. The study highlights that the transformative value of data analytics lies not only in technological adoption but also in cultivating a data-driven organizational culture supported by leadership commitment and ethical governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Danish Mastan, Mohammed Qasim, Mohammed Aijaz Ali, Ayyan Zafar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Predicting Consumer Purchase Decisions through Packaging Color Strategies in FMCG Markets
Examining highly competitive Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) markets reveals that consumers often make purchase decisions within seconds, rendering packaging design particularly color a critical strategic cue. Although prior research has established the psychological influence of color, few studies have integrated neuromarketing measures with predictive analytics to forecast consumer purchase behavior. This study employs a mixed-methods design combining eye-tracking, physiological emotional measurement (FEMG and GSR), consumer surveys, and machine learning analysis. A total of 1,500 participants evaluated FMCG products across food, beverage, and personal care categories using standardized color treatments. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and an XGBoost machine learning model to predict purchase decisions. The results show that warm colors significantly reduced time-to-first-fixation (mean = 420 ms) and increased visual engagement, while high-contrast packaging improved fixation duration by up to 32%. Emotional analysis revealed that warm, high-saturation colors generated higher arousal (GSR +18.6%), whereas cooler colors produced stronger positive valence linked to trust. The XGBoost model achieved a prediction accuracy of 89.2%, substantially outperforming traditional regression models. The findings demonstrate that packaging color operates as a neuromarketing stimulus that shapes attention and emotion prior to conscious deliberation. Integrating behavioral science with machine learning advances both theory and practice by enabling accurate prediction of consumer decisions. The study highlights the strategic value of data-driven color design for FMCG marketers seeking competitive advantage in complex retail environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rakshak Bharti, Urvija Khatri, Chandra Bhooshan Singh, Tushar Ranjan Barik, Kanchan Thakur, Dawakit Lepcha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Unlocking the Economic Potential of Cash Waqf for Sustainable Poverty Reduction in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the economic potential of cash waqf as a social finance instrument for poverty reduction in Indonesia, with particular attention to governance structures and integration into economic empowerment strategies. The research employs a qualitative library research approach by reviewing peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books, and institutional reports related to cash waqf, Islamic social finance, and poverty alleviation. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to synthesize conceptual and empirical insights from both Indonesian and comparative international contexts. The findings indicate that cash waqf in Indonesia has a large untapped economic potential, estimated at approximately IDR 180 trillion annually, with realization remaining below 10 percent. Effective implementation is closely associated with transparent governance, professional management, and institutional credibility. Furthermore, cash waqf demonstrates stronger and more sustainable poverty reduction outcomes when integrated into productive economic activities such as entrepreneurship development, microfinance, and social enterprises. The study discusses these findings through the lenses of social finance theory, institutional economics, and inclusive development. It argues that reframing cash waqf as a structured social finance instrument enhances its relevance for business-oriented policy discourse and strengthens its role in sustainable and inclusive economic development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enceng Iip Syaripudin, Gini Gaussian, Nurul Safera, Deni Konkon Furkony, Ujang Burhanudin, Ismail Bin Mohd (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Faculty Engagement as a Strategic Driver of Institutional Performance in Higher Education
Faculty engagement is increasingly recognized as a determinant of academic excellence in higher education institutions. This study investigates the impact of faculty engagement on perceived academic quality at Avinash Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India, with a focus on factors such as job satisfaction, personal and career growth, and institutional support. A descriptive design using a mixed-methods approach was adopted. Primary data were collected from 47 faculty members (10% of the population) through a structured questionnaire using convenience sampling. Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and two-way ANOVA in MS Excel, while qualitative analysis explored additional factors influencing academic excellence. The findings reveal that 81% of respondents agreed faculty engagement significantly impacts academic excellence. Regression analysis identified personal and career growth as the strongest predictor (β = 0.651), followed by job satisfaction (β = 0.401) and innovative teaching, collaboration, and institutional support (β = 0.397). ANOVA confirmed job satisfaction as highly significant (F = 28.23, p < 0.001), whereas years of experience (F = 0.976, p = 0.5038) and its interaction with job satisfaction (F = 0.7527, p = 0.8423) were not significant. Qualitative findings suggested leadership style, student discipline, infrastructure, and research opportunities as additional contributors to academic excellence. The results align with previous studies that emphasize the role of personal and professional growth, job satisfaction, and innovative teaching in enhancing academic performance. The study also underlines the importance of institutional support systems, work-life balance, and recognition mechanisms in sustaining engagement. However, limitations include reliance on self-reported data, a small and non-random sample, and the exclusion of student and management perspectives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhanraj Kongle, Ulfath Begum Syeda, Shifa Saba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
How Service Strategy and Quality Affect Customer Satisfaction at PT PELNI Sorong
This study investigates the influence of service marketing strategy and service quality on customer satisfaction at PT PELNI in Sorong City, Indonesia. As a state-owned enterprise in maritime transportation, PT PELNI faces growing customer expectations that demand continuous improvements in service delivery and marketing approaches. Understanding the factors that shape customer satisfaction is essential for enhancing competitiveness and loyalty in this industry. A quantitative research method with a descriptive-causative design was employed. The study involved 141 customers of PT PELNI Sorong, selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 20. The independent variables in this study were service marketing strategy and service quality, while the dependent variable was customer satisfaction. The results revealed that both service marketing strategy and service quality have a positive and statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction. Specifically, service marketing strategy contributed to strengthening customer engagement and perceived value, while service quality such as timeliness, reliability, and responsiveness directly influenced customer trust and overall satisfaction levels. The findings suggest that improving both the strategic and operational aspects of service delivery is critical to achieving customer satisfaction in maritime transportation. Future research may consider adding mediating variables such as brand image or customer loyalty, as well as exploring comparative studies across different regions or transportation providers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizka Cintya Edwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sustainable Plastic Waste Collection and Distribution Strategies in Operations Management
The global plastic waste crisis necessitates effective collection and distribution strategies aligned with principles of Operations Management and Sustainability. This study investigates efficient methods for managing plastic waste, focusing on mechanisms such as buy-back facilities, door-to-door collection systems, and reverse vending machines (RVMs). Among the various types of plastics, only PET, HDPE, PP, and LDPE are widely recyclable, with PET being the most preferred due to its high recyclability and potential for reuse in manufacturing. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. The study involved a comparative analysis of different plastic collection strategies across various countries and regions, including deployments of RVMs in the UK, Sweden, Australia, Canada, the USA, and selected Indian cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai. Findings reveal that RVMs offer a superior method for plastic collection due to their integrated sorting capabilities and user-friendly design. The global proliferation of over 100,000 RVM units illustrates their scalability and acceptance. Furthermore, the study highlights the environmental and economic benefits of optimized plastic waste collection, including natural resource conservation, energy savings, job creation, and reduced ecological impact. The integration of sustainable collection strategies, particularly through the deployment of RVMs, holds significant promise for enhancing waste management systems. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate technologies and infrastructures to support a circular economy. These insights contribute to operational improvements in waste logistics and support long-term sustainability goals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhriti Kappagantu, Netra Mahindra, Baseedu Sai Sandeep, Krishna Mayi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Advancing Automotive Business Strategy through Multimodal Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Using SSLU-GRU and YOLO
Sentiment analysis (SA) has become a key tool in understanding consumer feedback in the automotive industry. However, most existing models are limited to unimodal data and fail to capture fine-grained, aspect-level sentiments from multimodal sources such as text, images, and video. Additionally, privacy concerns related to user-generated content remain under-addressed. This study proposes a novel Multimodal Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (MASA) framework that integrates textual, visual, and video data for business decision-making in the automotive sector. The framework includes a BERT-based aspect dictionary for extracting domain-specific features, SCV-YOLOv5 for object segmentation in images and videos, and a GRU model enhanced with the Sinu-Sigmoidal Linear Unit (SSLU) activation function for sentiment classification. A K-Anonymity method augmented by Kendall's Tau and Spearman's Rank Correlation is employed to protect user privacy in sentiment data. The framework was evaluated using the MuSe Car dataset, encompassing over 60 car brands and 10,000 data samples per brand. The proposed model achieved 98.94% classification accuracy, outperforming baseline models such as BiLSTM and CNN in terms of Mean Absolute Error (0.14), RMSE (1.01), and F1-score (98.15%). Privacy-preservation tests also showed superior performance, with a 98% privacy-preserving rate and lower information loss than traditional methods. The results demonstrate that integrating multimodal input with deep learning and privacy-aware techniques significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of sentiment analysis in automotive business contexts. The framework enables better alignment of consumer feedback with strategic decisions such as product development and targeted marketing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prapullakumar Gowtham Pyate, Balaji Srinivasan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Entrepreneurial Skills and Motivation among University Students
Entrepreneurship is increasingly promoted as a strategic response to graduate unemployment and economic inequality, particularly in developing countries. Higher education institutions are expected to foster entrepreneurial readiness among students by shaping their perceptions, stimulating interest, and building competence. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving 20 purposively selected students from the Faculty of Economics and Psychology at Widya Dharma University who participated in the university’s entrepreneurship development program during 2023–2024. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and supported by document analysis and field observations. Triangulation was applied to validate the findings. The results show that 75% of students agreed that entrepreneurship can improve welfare, while 70% viewed it as a viable alternative to formal employment. A total of 60% expressed interest in trying entrepreneurship due to adequate knowledge, and 55% were willing to start a business with institutional support. In terms of competence, 75% enjoyed creativity and innovation, and the same percentage were ready to face the risk of failure. However, only 50% believed they had the potential to be entrepreneurs. Although 60% felt unashamed to learn from others and saw student organizational involvement as beneficial, 60% also acknowledged the need for external support to achieve entrepreneurial success. These findings indicate that students’ entrepreneurial readiness is promising but still requires enhancement through practical experience and mentorship. The study proposes an integrated development model to cultivate entrepreneurial readiness by targeting three dimensions namely perception, interest, and competence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anis Marjukah, Dwi Wanito Ambarsari, Arif Junianto Sri Nugroho, Agung Nugroho Jati, Oki Kuntaryanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Wage Payment System from the Perspective of Imam Maliki Case Study of the Crackers Industry in Panyabungan
This study analyzes the wage payment system in the cracker industry in Panyabungan from the perspective of Imam Maliki's thoughts. Wage payment practices in this industry often do not align with the principles of justice and agreements prescribed in Islam, necessitating an in-depth examination. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews with workers and business owners, and literature studies on Imam Maliki's views regarding wage systems. The findings indicate that the wage payment system in the cracker industry in Panyabungan tends to be non-transparent and is often implemented on a daily basis without written contracts. From Imam Maliki’s perspective, this system has shortcomings as it does not fully ensure workers' rights. Discussions with business owners revealed that economic factors and production efficiency are the primary reasons for maintaining this practice. This study reveals that although the wage system in the cracker industry has been practiced for generations, it still does not fully comply with the principles of justice in Islam according to Imam Maliki. This research has limitations in terms of geographical coverage and the number of participants. Therefore, future research can expand the study area and compare wage payment systems with the perspectives of other Islamic schools of thought.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rita Defriza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Zakat is not Just Charity Why Professional Fund Management Shapes the Future of the Ummah
Zakat, often perceived merely as a religious obligation or charitable act, holds untapped potential as a strategic instrument for socio-economic transformation in Muslim communities. This study argues that zakat must be viewed not just as an act of giving, but as a fund requiring professional management to realize its full impact on community development and the future of the Ummah. Using a qualitative research design, the study explores professional fund management practices in selected Zakat Management Units (UPZs) across Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with UPZ leaders and financial managers, as well as document analysis of financial reports, program structures, and governance models. The findings indicate that UPZs which adopt professional financial governance—characterized by transparency, accountability, data-driven planning, and skilled human resources—are significantly more effective in achieving measurable outcomes such as improved mustahik welfare, sustainable livelihoods, and increased trust from muzakki. Professionalism transforms zakat from reactive charity into proactive socio-economic empowerment. This study underscores the urgency of redefining zakat management frameworks to embrace modern financial and organizational practices while remaining rooted in Sharia principles. As zakat institutions become more professional, they not only fulfill their spiritual mandate but also emerge as pivotal players in driving the long-term resilience and welfare of the Ummah. The future of Islamic social finance lies in bridging tradition with innovation through professional stewardship.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deni Konkon Furkony, Ahmad Hasan Ridwan, Mahmud, Ija Suntana, Enceng Iip Syaripudin, Ismail Bin Mohd (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Promoting Women Entrepreneurship through Bank Credit: A Study of the NRLM Scheme
The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) is a flagship initiative by the Government of India aimed at alleviating rural poverty by promoting women entrepreneurship through Self-Help Groups (SHGs). This study examines the role of bank credit particularly from private and co-operative banks in supporting SHGs in Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh, from 2017 to 2023. This research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data on credit disbursement and outstanding amounts sourced from bank reports. Trend analysis and percentage achievement calculations were used to assess the performance of private sector and co-operative banks in achieving NRLM credit targets. Literature-based qualitative insights supported the interpretation of institutional practices and challenges. Findings indicate a significant increase in SHG credit support over time, especially from private banks, whose credit disbursement surged post-2020. Co-operative banks demonstrated strong initial involvement, although their credit achievements fluctuated in later years. Overall, both types of banks contributed meaningfully to financial inclusion for rural women, with rising loan amounts and SHG participation. While the NRLM scheme has enhanced economic and social empowerment among women, persistent challenges remain, including limited financial literacy, collateral barriers, and restricted market access. Achievement gaps between targets and outcomes in several years suggest implementation and monitoring issues. The study recommends simplifying credit processes, expanding capacity-building initiatives, and improving access to markets to further strengthen the impact of NRLM.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deepshikha Patel, Anita Pandey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Capital Adequacy, Credit Risk, and Efficiency in Islamic Bank Profitability
Islamic commercial banks have gained prominence in Indonesia’s financial system, yet their profitability still lags behind conventional banks. Understanding the financial determinants that influence the profitability of these institutions is critical for improving their competitiveness and ensuring sustainable growth. This study investigates the effects of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) on bank profitability, measured by Return on Assets (ROA). This research adopted a quantitative approach using secondary data from the annual financial statements of 12 Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) of Indonesia, covering the years 2019 to 2023. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied after conducting descriptive statistics and classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The regression model was used to examine the relationship between the four independent variables (CAR, NPF, BOPO, FDR) and ROA. The findings show that CAR and FDR have a significant positive effect on ROA, indicating that strong capital adequacy and efficient liquidity management improve profitability. In contrast, NPF and BOPO negatively affect ROA, demonstrating that high credit risk and operational inefficiency diminish bank performance. The regression model explains 72.3% of the variance in ROA, confirming the robustness and relevance of the selected variables in determining profitability. The results are consistent with agency and liquidity preference theories and highlight the distinctive challenges faced by Islamic banks, such as compliance-related costs and limitations in accessing conventional financial instruments. Operational efficiency, credit quality, and liquidity management emerge as critical strategic areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fathihani, Ika Puji Saputri, Vely Randyantini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Introduction: The Role of AI in Transforming Management Research
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing management research by enabling more efficient data analysis, decision-making, and operational workflows. However, its application also raises questions about its transformative role and implications for academic writing in this field. A systematic review of literature published over the past decade was conducted to evaluate the applications, benefits, and challenges of AI in management research. Emphasis was placed on identifying key tools and technologies, along with their impacts on research quality and efficiency. Findings reveal that AI significantly enhances research by automating data handling, improving predictive accuracy, reducing biases, and streamlining academic writing processes. Despite these advancements, challenges such as ethical concerns and the need for human oversight persist. This study highlights the importance of balancing AI implementation with human judgment to ensure ethical practices and effective utilization. It addresses gaps in existing research and emphasizes AI's transformative potential in management studies. AI plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality and efficiency of management research, but its integration requires careful consideration to maximize its benefits while mitigating potential drawbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iis Azelya, Sergei A. Filin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Marketing Strategy Using SWOT Analysis in Increasing Sale Nasi Kuning Mak’im in Selangor Malaysia
Nasi Kuning Mak’Im is a culinary business founded in Malaysia in 2016, specializing in Indonesian cuisine using high-quality ingredients at affordable prices. However, increasing competition from similar businesses poses a challenge to sustaining and growing the enterprise. Developing an effective marketing strategy is crucial to addressing these challenges and ensuring business growth. This study aims to evaluate the marketing strategies of Nasi Kuning Mak’Im using SWOT analysis to enhance sales performance. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach conducted at the Nasi Kuning Mak’Im SME in Selangor, Malaysia. Data were collected through direct interviews with key stakeholders, field observations, and literature review. Key informants included the business owner and loyal customers, providing insights into both operational and customer perspectives. The findings from the SWOT analysis and the internal-external matrix indicate that the most appropriate strategy for Nasi Kuning Mak’Im is the Strengths-Opportunities (S-O) strategy. This approach leverages the business's strengths, such as product quality and affordability, to capitalize on market opportunities and build competitiveness while fostering customer loyalty. The application of the S-O strategy demonstrates that by aligning internal strengths with external opportunities, Nasi Kuning Mak’Im can enhance its market position and maintain sustainable operations amid a competitive landscape. Recommendations for further implementation of the strategy are provided to support long-term growth and customer retention.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Rozaq Alfarisi, Siti Musarofah, Muhammad Sulton (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Do Bank Mergers Improve Performance? Evidence from Indian Bank’s Operational and Financial Metrics
Bank mergers are a common strategy to enhance operational and financial performance in the banking industry. This study aims to evaluate the impact of mergers on banks in India by measuring various financial and operational metrics before and after the merger. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data analysis from financial reports of merged banks. Data from the pre-merger and post-merger periods were collected to compare key performance indicators, such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and operational efficiency ratio. A total of 10 merger cases over the last 10 years were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. The findings indicate that mergers positively impact several financial performance indicators. The average ROA increased from 0.85% to 1.25% within two years post-merger. ROE also rose by 2.5 percentage points. Additionally, operational efficiency improved, with the cost-to-income ratio decreasing from 48% to 43%. However, some banks experienced a decline in NIM from 3.2% to 2.9%, indicating challenges in maintaining profitability from interest-earning assets. These findings suggest that bank mergers in India generally provide benefits in terms of operational efficiency and profitability. However, the positive impact is not uniform, as some banks struggle to maintain net interest margins. Factors such as operational synergy, risk management, and regulatory policies play a role in post-merger outcomes. Bank mergers in India have a positive impact on financial and operational performance, despite certain challenges that need to be addressed. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for policymakers and bank management in designing more effective merger strategies in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 K. Khasimpeera, S. Raghunatha Reddy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SWOT Analysis of Ijarah Contracts in the Service Industry: Strategies for Growth and Challenges
The service industry is a critical driver of the global economy, contributing significantly to job creation and quality of life improvement. To remain competitive in an increasingly challenging market, service companies must adopt effective strategies to meet customer expectations. SWOT analysis is a strategic tool that helps businesses identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, making it a valuable approach in this context. This study focuses on applying SWOT analysis to business management in ijarah contracts, a leasing arrangement aligned with sharia principles. The research utilized a qualitative approach, engaging 20 business practitioners in the service industry located in West Java, Indonesia. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and a comprehensive literature review on ijarah contracts and their application within the service sector. The findings highlight the strengths of ijarah contracts, particularly their compliance with sharia principles and substantial market potential. However, notable weaknesses include limited public understanding of ijarah contracts and the burden of high operational costs. Opportunities such as digitalization and the expanding sharia economy offer significant growth prospects, while threats from conventional financial systems and global economic instability present challenges that require strategic management. The study underscores the importance of addressing operational inefficiencies and enhancing market awareness of ijarah contracts. Furthermore, leveraging digital technology and capitalizing on the growth of the sharia economy can strengthen the position of ijarah-based businesses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Enceng Iip Syaripudin, Gini Gaussian, Ujang Burhanudin , Armin Becic (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Good Corporate Governance in Stock Price Determination: Evidence from BRI
Corporate governance refers to the mechanisms and processes that direct and control a company to ensure its operations are efficient and aligned with its objectives. In the context of BRI Bank, the corporate lending program poses a significant risk to its financial stability, especially amidst the ongoing economic crisis. The deterioration in the quality of non-performing loans (NPLs) has implications for evaluating asset and debt risk quality. This study employs a quantitative research method to measure data and generalize the results from a sample to the broader population. The sample consists of BRI Bank companies for the period 2017–2023. A census technique is applied, and the data is analyzed using panel data analysis to assess the relationship between corporate governance and stock prices. The findings reveal that good corporate governance has a significant effect on stock prices when considered collectively. However, when the corporate governance variable is examined individually, it does not show a significant impact on stock prices. These results suggest that while good corporate governance contributes to stock price performance in a combined context, its isolated effect is not as pronounced. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive governance practices in influencing financial outcomes, particularly in the face of economic challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Mardhiah, Jovia Tatum (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Business Opportunities and Agricultural Sustainability in the Future Era of AgriTech
Agriculture faces increasing challenges due to climate change, requiring innovative solutions to ensure sustainability and productivity. AgriTech, encompassing precision farming, AI-driven crop management, and blockchain-based supply chains, offers promising advancements in mitigating climate change effects. However, its adoption remains limited due to economic and infrastructural barriers. This study employs a comparative analysis of AgriTech-based and traditional agricultural methods, utilizing statistical data to assess their effectiveness in addressing climate change challenges. A one-sample t-test was conducted to evaluate the significance of AgriTech interventions, highlighting differences in mean values and confidence intervals. The findings indicate that while AgriTech significantly contributes to climate change adaptation (t = 8.85, df = 49, p < .001), its impact is lower compared to traditional methods due to barriers such as high initial costs and limited access to technology. Despite this, precision agriculture, climate-smart techniques, and blockchain integration demonstrate potential for improving sustainability and efficiency. The study highlights the importance of policy support, financial incentives, and technological literacy in promoting AgriTech adoption. Business opportunities in AgriTech continue to grow, but overcoming adoption challenges requires collaborative efforts from stakeholders, including governments, investors, and farmers. AgriTech has the potential to revolutionize sustainable agriculture by balancing productivity and environmental responsibility. However, further research is needed to explore localized implementation strategies, AI integration, and economic feasibility for smallholder farmers to ensure widespread adoption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinisha Panyala, Uma Bakshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Key Determinants of Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending Usage Intentions: Insights from Bandung City
This study aims to identify and analyze the key factors influencing the intention to use fintech peer-to-peer (P2P) lending services in Bandung City, addressing a significant area of financial technology adoption in emerging markets. This research uses a quantitative accidental sampling method, namely a non-probability sampling technique to survey 428 residents of Bandung City who use P2P lending services. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression to evaluate the impact of various independent variables on usage intention. The analysis revealed that Personalization, Accessibility, and Enhanced Effectiveness have a positive and statistically significant influence on the intention to use P2P lending. Conversely, Loan Approval Speed demonstrated a negative and statistically significant effect. Social Factors, however, were found to have no significant impact on usage intention. These findings contribute to the literature on fintech adoption, highlighting the importance of service personalization and accessibility while identifying areas for improvement, such as streamlining loan approval processes. The insights provided can inform strategies for both service providers and policymakers in fostering responsible P2P lending adoption in Bandung City. This research underscores critical determinants of P2P lending usage intentions and provides actionable insights for enhancing the effectiveness and appeal of financial technology services in Bandung City.
Copyright (c) 2025 Okta Eka Putra, Agung Pramayuda, Tanti Rohaeni, Vera Yessica Tarigan, Ariezan Zainal Ariffin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Digital Transformation of Traditional Culinary Businesses Towards Online Success
The digital transformation of traditional culinary businesses has become a critical pathway for achieving sustainable growth and competitiveness in the digital age. This study explores how these businesses transition to online platforms, the challenges they face, and the benefits they achieve. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with traditional culinary business owners and quantitative analysis of business performance data before and after digital adoption. The study also examined case studies of businesses successfully utilizing digital tools such as food delivery platforms, social media marketing, and AI-based analytics. Findings reveal that businesses adopting digital tools experience significant growth in revenue (up to 40%) from 2019-2024, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced customer engagement. However, challenges such as a lack of digital literacy and initial investment costs remain substantial barriers. Successful case studies demonstrate that leveraging partnerships with delivery platforms and effective social media marketing are key strategies for success. Digital transformation provides opportunities to widen market reach, preserve culinary heritage, and enhance customer experiences. To overcome barriers, governments and private organizations can play a role by offering training programs and financial support. The integration of advanced technologies like AI and data analytics also shows promise in driving efficiency and personalization. The digital transformation of traditional culinary businesses is not merely a trend but a necessity for long-term success. Despite challenges, the benefits of increased visibility, operational improvements, and customer satisfaction outweigh the costs, making digital adoption a viable strategy for traditional culinary enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andy Hakim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Mediated by Work Motivation at PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Cianjur Branch
This study aims to examine the effect of organizational culture on employee performance through employee work motivation at PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Cianjur Branch. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS program. The population used is all employees of PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Cianjur Branch. The sample consisted of 102 respondents. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire distributed online. The results showed that work motivation can significantly mediate the effect of organizational culture on employee performance at PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Cianjur Branch. The result of Direct Effect Analysis is BO -> MK : Original Sample (Path) = 0,693; t-Statistics = 10,788; P-Values = 0,000; Decision = Positive. BO -> KK : Original Sample (Path) = 0,068; t-Statistics = 1,949 P-Values = 0,052; Decision = Positive. MK -> KK : Original Sample (Path) = 0,760; t-Statistics = 13,294; P-Values = 0,000; Decision = Positive.
Copyright (c) 2024 Tarjono, Masoud Ghorbanhosseini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Influence of Population Number and Regional Minimum Wage on Unemployment in Central Kalimantan
This study aims to examine the impact of population and regional minimum wages on unemployment in Central Kalimantan. Understanding the factors influencing unemployment is crucial for policymakers, particularly in regions with unique economic and demographic challenges like Central Kalimantan. The research uses data from the period 2011-2023, applying Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to investigate the relationship between population (X1), regional minimum wages (X2), and unemployment (Y). Classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity, were conducted to ensure the validity of the regression model. The findings indicate that neither population nor regional minimum wages significantly affect unemployment in Central Kalimantan. These results suggest that other factors may play a more significant role in determining unemployment in the region, providing a basis for future research to explore additional variables and more complex interactions affecting regional unemployment rates.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rima Harati, Heike Delfmann (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0